The Four Sociological Theories Of African Americans Essay

Throughout history, including today, minority groups such as African Americans and Hispanics have been discriminated. These two groups are being discriminated by the higher power class such as the elite whites. African Americans and Hispanics have been murdered by whites committing such violent acts against them. It is seen that today there is no longer slavery and segregation system, but it has been reported by the mass media that African Americans have committed and have the highest homicide and crime rates. Not only do African Americans have high homicide and crime rates, but high rates of killing among themselves for example gang killings. In order to support these claims, there are four relevant sociological theories. There are several common factors within the four theories which are father’s education, father’s occupation, and ability for African Americans to make a change. The four sociological theories are Human Capital Theory, Social Functionalist Theory, Cult ural Deficiency Theory, and Intergenerational Mobility Theory. These theories will help answer why African Americans have higher crime rates among any other group. First theory, it is Human Capital Theory argues that status or level of success is obtained by the individual resulting in levels of education, personal values, and skills. One of the many human capital investments is education instead of investment in business. When a person’s human capital is high, there chances of succeeding are much higher thanShow MoreRelatedW. E. B. DuBois988 Words   |  4 Pagesyoung African Americans and one of the key civil rights leaders of his time. His literary contributions have played a role for other civil rights leaders and been a template for society to look at as blueprints for improving racial relations. A key contribution of his was the â€Å"Philadelphia Negro† that was published in 1899. The way he conducted his research was what made the book popular and it showed how life was for African Americans in the 7th Ward. He studied the daily lives of African AmericansRead MoreThe Theories Of Criminology And The Riots930 Words   |  4 PagesEvery crime has a correlation with a theory in criminology. These theories explain why crime happens and some even go to the extent to come up with a solution to prevent or stop crime. This paper will explore how certain theories of criminology connect with the riots that happened in Ferguson, Missouri. Facts from different articles will be used to back up the theory. The theories will explain why rioters committed the crimes did. The paper will take the actions of the protestors and explain whyRead MoreAnalysis Of Mass Incarceration In Ava Duvernay1523 Words   |  7 PagesMass incarceration, particularly the disproportionate number of African Americans in prison, remains an issue that is both altogether settled, but at the same time unresolved. There still exists a pervasive idea that many people of color tend to be trouble makers, and thus are directly responsible for their own mass incarceration; however, this theory creates more questions than it answers. Furthermore, it does not address why mass incarceration continues even after it has been recognized as a seriousRead MoreA Critique Of America s Correctional System1444 Words   |  6 Pagesproblems create criminals who need doctors not iron bars, these among other reasons. Those that follow their sociological imagination might argue that various sociological, demographical, and socio-economic factors play a role in the criminal justice system. These factors can further be explained by the social functionalism theory and structuralism. One undeniably true statement remains: the American criminal justice system’s purpose is to provide fair and just judicial review for all, affordability toRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1081 Words   |  5 PagesAlexander’s The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness outlines how the criminal justice system has systematically designed new methods of discriminating against African Americans. The book advocates for racial justice, specifically, for African Americans and contends they [African Americans] were targeted and subsequently incarcerated, by white voters and public officials, through the War on Drugs campaign. President Reagan and his Administration exploited racial hostilityRead MoreRacial Relations: Dating Interratially 1085 Words   |  5 Pagesthose white boys don’t you?†. It was a simple joke as all of my friends are open into interracial dating, but there are many people in American society who do not f eel the same way. In fact, there are quite a lot of people who oppose interracial dating. This paper will discuss the topic of interracial dating amongst Whites (Caucasians), Blacks (anyone of African American descent), Asians (anyone of Asian descent), and Hispanics (anyone of Hispanic origins). It was pretty important, for the sake of theRead MoreSociological Theories Of Prejudice And Racism1645 Words   |  7 PagesSociological Theories of Prejudice and Racism Functionalist theory argues for race and ethnic relations to be functional and thus supply to the melodic conduct and strength of society, racial and ethnic minorities must assimilate into that society. Assimilation is a process by which a minority becomes socially, economically, and culturally absorbed within the dominant society. The assimilation perspective assumes that to become fully fledged members of society, alternative groups must adopt as muchRead MoreSociological Imagination1391 Words   |  6 Pagesof the sociological perspective. This involves looking at a certain behavior like it has never been looked at it before. When done right one can come to a deeper level of understanding about behavior. Using your sociological imagination you are able conceptualize how a persons macro level, which consists of the larger aspects of life such as family and government, and their micro level, (which is the individual itself) combine in order form the person they are. Using my sociological imaginationRead More Symbolic Interactionism Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pagesthe sociological perspective. This involves looking at a certain behavior like it has never been looked at it before. When done right one can come to a deeper level of understanding about behavior.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using your sociological imagination you are able conceptualize how a person’s macro level, which consists of the larger aspects of life such as family and government, and their micro level, (which is the individual itself) combine in order form the person they are. Using my sociological imaginationRead Moremarriage and family1195 Words   |  5 PagesStates and other countries around the world mean? Debunking has five myths about marriage 1- The Universal Nuclear Family, 2-The Self-Reliant Traditional Family, 3- The Naturalness of Different spheres for Wives and Husbands, 4- The Unstable African American Family, and 5- The Idealized Nuclear family of the 1950’s. The Universal Nuclear Family is basically everything under the sun. It is everything and anything describing family from monogamy to permanence. Having one spouse, two spouses, or even

Mary Bell - 1032 Words

Mary Bell By Katie Farina Professor B 4/27/14 I wasn’t thinking of planning to kill anyone when I was a ten year old girl. Why would I? In 1994 I was in school and during the summer I would hang out with my friends till it got dark and my parents called me to come in. I was playing softball with a travel team back then as well. I wasn’t thinking of planning to kill anyone when I was a ten year old girl. I also have a good conscience unfortunately, that if I ever murdered anyone even if it was someone I didn’t like I would probably be one of those kids that would tell their mother right away and face the music. That however, was not the case with Little Mary Bell. In this paper I will Summarize three key aspects of the†¦show more content†¦ Mary said, after a moment, clever to see me when I wasnt there. She stood up. I am going home... This is being brainwashed. But Dobson wasnt about to let her go. At one point Mary asked, Is this place bugged?In the end she refused to budge. I am making no st atements. I have made lots of statements. Its always me you come for. Normas a liar, she always tries to get me into trouble. At 3:30am Mary was permitted to leave. Dobson second-guessing himself. But after seeing Marys behavior at Brians funeral, and gathering additional testimony from Norma, he brought Mary back into the station.† Mary also attacked other kids. â€Å"The following day, three girls who were playing by the Nursery were attacked by Mary, with Norma nearby. One of the girls said that Mary put her hands around my neck and squeezed hard... The girl [Mary] took her hands off my neck and she did the same to Susan. The police were soon called. Norma stated that Mary went to the other girl and said, What happens if you choke someone, do they die? Then Mary put both hands round the girls throat and squeezed. The girl started to go purple... I then ran off and left Mary. Im not friends with her now. The reason Mary Bell killed is because her mother was a prostitute a nd her father was not in the picture. Her mother had despised her ever since she was born she acted out to get attention. She knew how to kill by â€Å"she watched the 1950s-style Westerns.† â€Å"Nor, was Mary an alienated loner.Show MoreRelatedPersonal Ambition And Self Respect By Mary Jane Ward s The Snake Pit, The Bell Jar1461 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Ambition and Self-Respect in The Bell Jar Inspired by Mary Jane Ward’s The Snake Pit, The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath was released in 1963 and discusses a great deal of how difficult it was to be a woman in the 1960s. The 1960s was a struggling time for women; society set standards that women felt obligated to follow. 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Margaret definitelyRead MoreThe Sound Of St. Mary Le Bow Bells1151 Words   |  5 PagesThe Sound of St. Mary-le-Bow Bells: The Decline of the Cockney Accent The Cockney accent is a British dialect possessing a longstanding and rich history. Famous for its use of rhyming slang and unique linguistics, the Cockney accent, and the history associated with it, is a source of pride to many living in London’s East End. The traditional definition of a cockney is one who was born within the sound of St. Mary-le-Bow Church bells, though, an accent typical of working class Londoner suffices asRead MoreEssay about Symbolism Within the Bell Jar Novel1672 Words   |  7 PagesSylvia Plath’s novel, â€Å"The Bell Jar†, tells a story of a young woman’s descent into mental illness. Esther Greenwood, a 19 year old girl, struggles to find meaning within her life as she sees a distorted version of the world. In Plath’s novel, different elements and themes of symbolism are used to explain the mental downfall of the book’s main character and narrator such as cutting her off from others, forcing her to delve further in to her own mind, and casting an air of negativity around her. PlathRead MoreThe Bell Jar by Plath1220 Words   |  5 Pagestherapy. Her novel, The Bell Jar, is almost a self-biography with the veil of fiction over the story of Plath’s own life being so thin that her mother fought its publication (McCann 1631). Nevertheless, Plath’s immense hard work paid off and it was published. Writing was Plath’s passion and when she wrote, her life became an enthralling story. Sylvia Plath’s late teenage years, time right after college, and time in the mental hospital were all influential in writing The Bell Jar. Being recognizedRead MoreThe Sagrada Familia Is A Catholic Temple1830 Words   |  8 Pagesangelic hierarchies. 5. Facades a. 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Christophers Trip to the Dentist Essay Example For Students

Christophers Trip to the Dentist Essay On Saturday Father took me to the dentist. I do not like the Dentist. My Dentist is called Mr Patel and he is a very short man who wears a white coat and always wears those rubber gloves that smell of hospitals and he is foreign. Father said the appointment would be very quick as I always brush my teeth twice a day. I like brushing my teeth because I like the way the bristles of the brush feel against my gums when I am brushing. I once watched a programme on brushing teeth at school I found it very interesting and now I know how to brush my teeth properly. Firstly everyone makes the mistake of making their toothbrush wet before putting the toothpaste on it which is entirely wrong and then people often use too much toothpaste and you only need 2 centimetres of toothpaste which is why I keep a ruler next to my toothbrush to make sure I always use the correct amount and you should always start by brushing your teeth at the sides but you should not brush too hard because that can cause the enamel to be brushed away. Then you should brush the tops of your teeth making sure you get your brush into any gaps to make sure any unwanted bacteria is brushed away and then you should brush the backs of your teeth in the same way that you brushed the front. Once you have done all that you should rinse your toothbrush and brush your gums to clean them and remove any bacteria and then you should rinse your mouth out with cold water and then you’re done. When we arrived at the dentist which is in the high street opposite the greengrocers where they sell really nice apples which are all red and shiny and the skin gets stuck between your teeth. Father told me to sit down nicely on one of the chairs in the waiting room whilst he told the lady behind the desk that I was there. The lady appeared to be very short and fat but I did not know whether this was because she was sitting down or because she was short and fat anyway. I didn’t know where to sit because there were lots of other people in the waiting room and I did not want to sit next to any of them because I do not like people. I chose to sit in the corner next to the fish tank because there was no one else there and there were enough seats for me and Father to both sit down and that way I could look at the fish swimming around in their little tank filled with lots of water. When Father came over he told me that we would only be waiting a little while because Mr Patel was just finishing with his patient. I sat and stared at all the fish until I noticed one which was not moving so I started tapping on the glass which made Father annoyed so he asked me to stop so I did as I always do as I am told as it is polite towards Father. So I told Father that I thought the fish was dead and he told me not to worry as it was probably just sleeping so I just left it to sleep. After five minutes a man came out of room eight rubbing his jaw and on the door it said ‘Mr Patel’ this made me worried as the man looked like he was in pain and I do not like being in pain so I got really nervous. Mr Patel then appeared and called my name so Father and I stood up and went into his room. It took us 10 steps from the chairs we were sitting on until we reached the door where Mr Patel shook my hand and started talking to Father. He was telling Father about the appointment and I do not like it when people do not talk to me when they are talking about me it makes me really worried and I always think that adults are being rude when they do this. .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2 , .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2 .postImageUrl , .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2 , .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2:hover , .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2:visited , .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2:active { border:0!important; } .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2:active , .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2 .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u023916f0bbf57588e4c0e387013666b2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo and Juliet starts with Romeo 'lovesick' over a woman called Rosaline EssayWhen Father and Mr Patel stopped talking Mr Patel asked me to sit in his special chair which moves into lots of positions when Mr Patel wants to look into your mouth. I sat in the chair and Mr Patel started asking me questions about what I had been doing at school and what I want to do when I am a grown up and all the kind of questions that adults ask when it is awkward or they do not know you very well. He then asked me to open my mouth as wide as I could so he could take a proper look inside. I like Mr Patel because he understands me and he always explains things clearly to me so that I do no t get confused and so that I understand so my appointment is quicker and he tries not to touch me unless it is absolutely necessary because he knows I don’t like people touching me. My Patel did not spend long looking inside my mouth as he said he could see clearly enough that there were no problems with my teeth and that I obviously brush them well enough that there should not be problems anyway. This made me happy as it meant we could now leave the dentist and go to the museum like Father promised as I had been good and I did not bite Mr Patel this time. I got up from Mr Patel’s special chair and he gave me a piece of paper to give to the short fat lady behind the desk (not that he said that as it is rude to say it out loud) he then waved goodbye to me and shook Father’s hand and just before I left he offered me a sticker but I said no thank you because I think they make my clothes look untidy. Father and I went back out to the reception and I gave the lady behind the desk my piece of paper and she said someone would be in touch to make another appointment. I did not understand what she meant by this but I was not really too bothered because I was happy and I was going to the museum to look at all the scientific facts about the universe and other special things.

Why 66% of Change Initiatives Fail

Introduction Guiding organizational change initiatives prove to be a decisive test for most leaders. This is because it has been made apparent that no business is capable of surviving over long-term proviso it is incapable of reinvesting itself. However, the nature of human beings as what it appears to be makes elementary changes to be habitually opposed by those it most significantly affects. That is to say, those found in business trenches. Therefore, leading the change processes initiatives materialize to be both incredibly difficult and absolutely essential.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why 66% of Change Initiatives Fail specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Perhaps no one comprehends the organizational change anatomy better than Kotter (1996, p.3). In his book titled leading change, Kotter (1996, p.5) used various models to explain and highlight the critical success factors for change initiatives and the reaso ns why most change initiatives fail. Approximately 66% of them fail. Based on one of the proposed change theories named teleological theory, this paper intends to highlight the reasons why most key change initiatives are bound to fail. The essay draws on the key triumph factors for change ranging from the shifting culture, generating short-range wins to the institution of an amazing sense of exigency. Teleological Theory Despite fighting to meet the demands for the currently competitive markets, most corporate change initiative efforts appear to be very unsuccessful. In fact, it is estimated that sixty six percent of such transformation initiatives are utter failures. That is, whether the change initiatives are geared towards reversing corporate death spirals, improving culture or even boosting quality, they merely breed lukewarm outcomes. Most of them indeed fail miserably. Kotter has various reasons why this is the case. For instance, Kotter states that nearly all administrators h ardly recognize that revolution is not an incident bar a transformative progression. It progresses from one particular stage to another and it is duly built on one another. While literatures show that change initiatives are supposed to take years, managers are pressurized to step up the processes, thus they skip other stages. Thus, drawing on the teleological theory, it becomes much easier to discuss why the desired change initiatives fail. Under this theory, it is presumed that an organization is adaptive and purposeful. This means that change takes place because change agents, leaders as well as others observe the importance of change. The change process is both linear and rational, yet individual organizational managers are very instrumental to the change process. The theory asserts that the motivation and success of change initiative accrue due to internal organization decisions and features instead of the external environment (Kotter 1996, p.7). Derived from this fact, teleolog ical theory claims that there are numerous errors that organizations do make while executing change initiatives which ultimately results into failures.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to teleological theory, the following errors are attributable to the reasons why nearly 66% of most change initiatives fail. Non establishment of an immense sense of urgency Basically, various successful change initiative efforts instigate whenever groups or individuals begin to observe keenly the competitive situation of a corporation, the level of financial performance, technological trends and market position. The focal point is to ideally center on the waning tendencies in central business limits, prospective returns dive whenever essential copyrights terminate and the surfacing of fresh marketplaces that are being overlooked by all and sundry. The groups then communicate such inf o dramatically and broadly particularly when great opportunities or potential crisis seem to be very apt. Thus, this initial step is very crucial given that to get a change initiative program on track, much individual aggressive cooperation is required. In fact, any corporation that initiates change initiative program without necessarily motivating the parties concerned goes nowhere and is bound to fail (Stanley et al. 2005, p.429). Most corporations assume that the first step in implementing change initiative is easy. However, various corporations have considerably failed in this phase. The reasons for failure are that corporate executives tend to undervalue the difficulty involved in trying to compel individuals out of their respective comforting zones. Occasionally, corporate executives disgustingly overvalue the level of success they have achieved by increasing the level of urgency. For instance, they implement change initiative without being patient. Most often, corporate direc tors are paralyzed by shortcoming possibilities. Their main worries are that senior employees are likely to be defensive, short term business outcomes might be jeopardized, procedures may turn out of control and stocks may shrink (Tsoukas Chia 2002, p.568). The fear is that they may be blamed for any crises created. Since change demands leadership and requires a novel system, most change initiatives fail because the initial phase lacks enough hired leaders or leaders promoted to senior positions to oversee the implementation of the change initiatives. As a result, huge challenges are anticipated in cases where change champions are lacking. Whenever there is urgency for change initiatives, the change champions should facilitate frank discussions with both the internally and externally involved parties. It is undesirable to the executives to depend on outside unwanted info only. Nevertheless, there is the need to pump up the rate of urgency to ensure that change initiatives processes succeed to avoid putting the corporations’ long term prospects into jeopardy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why 66% of Change Initiatives Fail specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, literature reveals that the rate of urgency when implementing change initiatives is not high when approximately 75% of the corporations management are candidly certain that the usual business is unacceptable and change initiatives must be implemented. Anything that is below that may generate grave change initiative problems in the late phases of change initiative implementation (Feldman 2000, p.613). Stoppage to craft adequate influential steering alliance Habitually, key change initiative regeneration programs initiate with merely either two individuals or an individual. However, when a change initiative effort becomes successful, the coalitions in leadership tend to grow over time. Yet, failure to realize even minimum ma ss in the initial change initiative effort makes nothing valuable to take place. Studies show that key change initiatives become impractical without active support of the organizations heads. This implies that, either the executives or divisional general managers must form a coalition with at least five to fifty other people in order to jointly develop collective commitments that would ensure change renewal initiatives are excellently performed (Tsoukas Chia 2002, p.568). The coalition group must not necessarily incorporate all the executives given that not everybody accepts change in the first instance. Despite the fact the change initiative guiding coalition constitutes of non senior management members, they might operate external to the customary hierarchy by designation. While this may be perceived awkward, it is ideally essential. For instance, it is as a result of non performance of the existing hierarchy that the need for change arose. This necessitates that, for change init iatives to succeed, the current system must be reformed (Stanley et al. 2005, p.429). Nevertheless, reforms usually demand for formal protocols, expectations and boundary activities. Advanced administrative position exigency assists in putting the change programs steering partnership jointly. Failure to have an individual who can put such personalities together, create minimum communication and trust levels as well as aid them in the development of shared corporations opportunities and problems assessments, would definitely lead to change initiatives failure. Therefore, in as much as the change initiative leader may be dedicated or capable, any group that spearheads such an initiative without a powerful line leader may fail to realize the required power.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Vision deficiency Triumphant change programs always call for the steering partnership to build up an eventual portrait which is reasonably easier to plea and converse with the workforces, stakeholders and consumers. A change initiative vision must be beyond plans to be achieved in five years. In essence, the vision needs to highlight and elucidate on the direction that the corporation wants to take. Because the initial draft is made by an individual, it is usually blurry and the coalition needs to work on it overtime to produce something better (Feldman 2000, p.613). The coalition change initiative leaders ought to ensure strategies for accomplishing the visions are developed. Devoid of rational apparition, the transformation program hard work could simply soften into mismatched and perplexing development records which might take a firm nowhere or even in the incorrect course. Transformational change initiatives in various corporations are reported to considerably fail given that su ch organizations have change initiative directives and programs without visions as well as un-accomplishable plenty plans. Thus, teleological model puts it clear that, whether a corporation has a compelling and clear change initiative statement, the change can hardly be realized without a proper vision to offer guidance and direction. Vision under communication Irrespective of the pattern that the organizations heads use to communicate corporate vision, there are chances that very visible senior employees and executives could behave in unethical manner to negatively taint the vision. This is likely to make the communication belief amongst troops to go down while causing cynicism to go up. The resulting effect is that most change initiatives will fail because just a few individuals are willing to make short term sacrifices and offer help. Without plausible statement, the psyches and compassions of business workers or firm affiliates are hardly gotten. The strategy for communicating t he desired change initiatives should be convincing enough to make employees believe that change is essential to an extent that they would accept making short term sacrifices (Tsoukas Chia 2002, p.568). The fourth phase of initiating change program is quite challenging provided job losses are incorporated in the short-term sacrifices. To gain support and understanding of the change plans prove to be very tough when vision includes downsizing. Therefore, successful change visions normally incorporate the commitments to fairly treat lay-offs and new growth possibilities. Change initiatives fail where executives include and poorly communicate change program messages. Provided important individuals’ behaviours are contradictory with their wordings, the change initiatives will be undermined and consequently fail (Stanley et al. 2005, p.429). Failure to remove the new vision’s obstacles Triumphant change initiatives instigate by involving various individuals and groups as th e change procedures progress. Directorial affiliates are encouraged to grant headship, to build up original thoughts and attempt novel strategies. In case few people are involved, the outcomes would be unsatisfactory. On the other hand, employees often comprehend the new visions and aspire to accomplish them, but some change initiative leaders tend to block their paths. In such circumstances, change initiatives are bound to fail because the employees hardly belief that there is nonexistence of external obstacles. If the organizational structure creates an obstacle to change, it becomes difficult for change initiative leaders to get rid of each obstacle due to limited time, power and momentum. When the obstacles are individuals or groups, they must be fairly treated in a manner that is in line with the vision (Feldman 2000, p.613). Failure to maintain the change credibility while empowering others would thwart the change initiative efforts and the result would be failure to implement and realize the change initiatives. Non-systematic planning and creation of short term wins Change initiatives require short term goals to be met and accelerated in order to avoid losing momentum given that actual change necessitates a lot of time. Devoid of short term wins, various groups and individuals are likely to give up. Others would wish to take up the ranks of change resistors. Since most of them have different introduction to the change initiative process, unambiguous results might be generated. To avoid this, organizations must compel change leaders to generate short term wins. This is because when employees realize that key changes are long-term, they would drop the level of urgency. Failure to generate short term win might decelerate the levels of commitments and urgency, hence change initiative failure (Tsoukas Chia 2002, p.568). Finally, if organizations change initiative leaders declare victory too soon, it might be catastrophic to the company. The change initiativ es ought to be given time to sink into the culture of the corporation. When the urgency is minimal, ambiguity exists in the vision and power lacks in the coalition. Hence, celebrating premature victory may lead to a deceleration in the change initiative momentum or even some major drawbacks. The end result could be failure in change initiatives. References Feldman, M 2000, â€Å"Organizational routines as a source of continuous change†, Organization Science, vol.11 no.6, pp.611-629. Kotter, PJ 1996, â€Å"Leading change: Why transformational changes fail?† Harvard Business Review, vol.21 no.7471, pp.1-10. Stanley, DJ, Meyer, JP Topolnytsky, L 2005, â€Å"Employee cynicism and resistance to organizational change†, Journal of Business and Psychology, vol.19 no.2, pp.429-459. Tsoukas, H Chia, R 2002, â€Å"On organizational becoming: Rethinking organizational change†, Organization Science, vol. 13 no. 5, pp. 567-582. 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Albrecht von Wallenstein in the Thirty Years War

Albrecht von Wallenstein in the Thirty Years War Born at Heà ¸manice, Bohemia on September 24, 1583, Albrecht von Wallenstein was the son of a minor noble family. Initially raised as a Protestant by his parents, he was sent to a Jesuit school in Olmà ¼tz by his uncle after their death. While at Olmà ¼tz he professed to convert to Catholicism, though he subsequently attended the Lutheran University of Altdorf in 1599. Following additional schooling at Bologna and Padua, von Wallenstein joined the army of Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II. Fighting against the Ottomans and Hungarian rebels, he was commended for his service at the siege of Gran. Rise to Power: Returning home to Bohemia, he married the wealthy widow Lucretia Nikossie von Landeck. Inheriting her fortune and estates in Moravia upon her death in 1614, von Wallenstein used it buy influence. After splendidly fitting out a company of 200 cavalries, he presented it to Archduke Ferdinand of Styria for use in fighting the Venetians. In 1617, von Wallenstein married Isabella Katharina. The couple had two children, though only one, a daughter, survived infancy. With the outbreak of the Thirty Years War in 1618, von Wallenstein declared his support for the Imperial cause. Forced to flee his lands in Moravia, he brought the provinces treasury to Vienna. Equipping a regiment of cuirassiers, von Wallenstein joined the army of Karel Bonaventura Buquoy and saw service against the Protestant armies of Ernst von Mansfeld and Gabriel Bethlen. Winning notice as a brilliant commander, von Wallenstein was able to recover his lands after the Catholic victory at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620. He also benefited from the favoritism of Ferdinand who had ascended to post of Holy Roman Emperor in 1619. The Emperors Commander: Through the emperor, von Wallenstein was able to acquire the large estates that had belonged to his mothers family as well as purchased huge tracts of confiscated land. Adding these to his holdings, he reorganized the territory and named it Friedland. In addition, military successes brought titles with the emperor making him an imperial count palatine in 1622, and a prince a year later. With the entry of the Danes into the conflict, Ferdinand found himself without an army under his control to oppose them.  While the army of the Catholic League was in the field, it belonged to Maximilian of Bavaria. Seizing the opportunity, von Wallenstein approached the emperor in 1625 and offered to raise an entire army on his behalf. Elevated to Duke of Friedland, von Wallenstein initially assembled a force of 30,000 men. On April 25, 1626, von Wallenstein and his new army defeated a force under Mansfield at the Battle of Dessau Bridge. Operating in conjunction with the Count of Tillys Catholic League Army, von Wallenstein campaigned against Mansfeld and Bethlan. In 1627, his army swept through Silesia clearing it of Protestant forces. In the wake of this victory, he purchased the Duchy of Sagan from the emperor. The next year, von Wallensteins army moved into Mecklenburg in support of Tillys efforts against the Danes. Named Duke of Mecklenburg for his services, von Wallenstein was frustrated when his siege of Stralsund failed, denying him access to the Baltic and the ability to confront Sweden and the Netherlands at sea. He was further distressed when Ferdinand announced the Edict of Restitution in 1629. This called for the return of several principalities to Imperial control and the conversion of their inhabitants to Catholicism. Though von Wallenstein personally opposed the edict, he began moving his 134,000-man army to enforce it, angering many of the German princes. This was hampered by the intervention of Sweden and the arrival of its army under the gifted leadership of King Gustavus Adolphus. In 1630, Ferdinand called a meeting of the electors at Regensburg with the goal of having his son voted as his successor. Angered by von Wallensteins arrogance and actions, the princes, led by Maximilian, demanded the commanders removal in exchange for their votes. Ferdinand agreed and riders were sent to inform von Wallenstein of his fate. Return to Power: Turning his army over to Tilly, he retired to Jitschin in Friedland. While he lived on his estates, the war went badly for the emperor as the Swedes crushed Tilly at the Battle of Breitenfeld in 1631. The following April, Tilly was defeated at killed at Rain. With the Swedes in Munich and occupying Bohemia, Ferdinand recalled von Wallenstein. Returning to duty, he swiftly raised a new army and cleared the Saxons from Bohemia. After defeating the Swedes at Alte Veste, he encountered Gustavus Adolphus army at Là ¼tzen in November 1632. In the battle that ensued, von Wallensteins army was defeated but Gustavus Adolphus was killed. Much to the emperors dismay, von Wallenstein did not exploit the kings death but rather retreated into winter quarters. When the campaign season began in 1633, von Wallenstein mystified his superiors by avoiding confrontations with the Protestants. This was largely due to his anger over the Edict of Restitution and his beginning secret negotiations with Saxony, Sweden, Brandenburg, and France to end the war. While little is known regarding the talks, he claimed to be seeking a just peace for a unified Germany. Downfall: While von Wallenstein worked to stay loyal to the emperor, it is clear that he was seeking to aggrandize his own power. As the talks flagged, he sought to reassert his power by finally going on the offensive. Attacking the Swedes and Saxons, he won his final victory at Steinau in October 1633. After von Wallenstein moved to winter quarters around Pilsen, news of the secret talks reached the emperor in Vienna. Moving quickly, Ferdinand had a secret court find him guilty of treason and signed a patent removing from command on January 24, 1634. This was followed by an open patent charging him with treason which was published in Prague on February 23. Realizing the danger, von Wallenstein rode from Pilsen to Eger with the goal of meeting with the Swedes. Two nights after arriving, a plot was put into motion to eliminate the general. Scots and Irish dragoons from von Wallensteins army seized and killed many of his senior officers, while a small force, led by Walter Devereux, killed the general in his bedroom. Selected Sources Albrecht von WallensteinNNDB: Albrecht von WallensteinThirty Years War

Trends in Human Resource Management

Trends in Human Resource Management Introduction It has been observed that human resource practices are characterized by certain designs and changes based on trends in the working environments. Consequently, the effect of a particular trend has resulted into implementation of a particular human resource management approach to ensure the intended purpose of effective management is realized.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Trends in Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A number of trends have been observed to contribute to the changes in human resource management and their impacts explained on the basis of staffing, training and development, salary allocation, promotion as well as career planning. Discussion Increasing health regulation by government has affected the manner in which human resource management takes place in terms of provision of free health care for employees at work place. Where such services are not offered fo r free, there has been need for the organization to allocate some resources for accomplishing this purpose. Aging workforce has ensured that positions occupied by older people are advertised so that when they retire, new employees take over from where they have left. Thus, human resource personnel have to ensure that any aged employee is replaced at the right time through recruitment and training (Rothwell, 2010). The trend of increasing and outsourcing employees or leasing employees has been applied in situation where the workforce needs to be obtained from a different place or when specific skills which are not available in an organization are needed. Increasing diversity has ensured that a particular type of people is considered when providing employment opportunities. For instance, when a company wants to employ more women than men, there will be need to ensure that more women vacancies are advertised compared to men. The trend of recruitment of multigenerational workforce has b een observed to take effect where a company needs to recruit employees of various ages in different capacities. Companies that need to recruit more youth may need to advertise the maximum age for the applicants in order to prevent certain age groups from dominating the work force (Bernardin, 2002).Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There has also been the need to increase the use of social networks in areas such as job advertisement and employee motivation. As a result, human resource administrators have made their accessibility possible in organizations to assist employees in accessing information regarding the company. It has also ensured vacant jobs are posted on social networks to ensure more potential employees get access to them. When the trends of employment requires that foreign employees are recruited, human resource managers have always ensured that th ey advertise the vacancies by making sure potential foreigners are reached. This has made the personnel in the human resource departments to focus their resources on such channels as internet and online applications to enable applicants from other countries make their applications (Barry and Hollenbeck, 2005). Global warming has contributed to recruitment of staff with pollution management skills to assist the company in making decisions regarding environmental management. These experts have been assigned the task of monitoring the levels of pollution in these companies and provide the right advice for regulation of amount of pollutants. Shortages of labor in a particular field of employment have ensured that human resource department allocate sufficient resources are channeled towards recruitment, training and orientation of employees in these areas. Stagnant economic growth in the U.S and the entire world has ensured that human resources are channeled to areas where there is possi bility of slow growth in an organization. The resources have been allocated for advertisement of goods and services, customer care improvement and quality products and services provision. References Barry, G. Hollenbeck, S. (2005) Fundamentals of Human Resource Management. London: McGraw-Hill/ Ryerson Limited. Bernardin, G. (2002). Human resource management: an experiential approach. London: London: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Trends in Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rothwell, W. (2010). Human Resource Transformation: Demonstrating Strategic Leadership in the Face of Future Trends. New York: Nicholas Brealey Publishing.

The turtle trading strategys profitability in the current market Literature review

The turtle trading strategys profitability in the current market - Literature review Example It is a complete trading system that is based on mechanical trading hinged on market price signals. The following aspects of the trades were all accounted for and covered by the rules: what to buy and what to sell, or the markets; how much of a particular market to sell or to buy, or the size of the position; the timing of the buying and the selling; the stops, or the timing of bailing out of positions where the trader is in a losing proposition; the exits, or the timing of the bailing out of positions where the trader is winning; and the selling and buying hows, which comprise the tactics for the trading exercises. Moreover, the turtles trading system focused on a number of trading instruments, all of them markets that are considered liquid. In the Chicago Board of Trade, the turtles traded in 30 year and 10 year Treasury bonds and notes. In the New York Exchange for Sugar and Cocoa, the turtles traded in cotton, coffee, sugar and cocoa. In the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, the turtl es focused on a select group of currencies, which included the Japanese Yen, the Canadian Dollar, the British Pound, and the Swiss Franc. The list also included the S&P 500 Index of Stocks, as well as the 90 day US treasuries. In the Comex, the focus were gold, copper and silver. Finally, in the New York Mercantile Exchange, the focus were on unleaded gas, heating oil, and crude oil (Faith 2003, pp. 7-11; Carr 2009; Lauer 2007; Adamu and Phelps 2010; Anderson n.d.; FinanceManila 2007; Stockopedia Features 2011; Carr 2009; Business Insider 2013; Kasera n.d.; Au.Tra.Sy 2010; Faith 2003; TradingBlox.com n.d.; Powerstocks Research n.d.; Palantir Technologies 2012; Kowalski 2013; Power 2012; Trading Blox n.d.). The turtles trading system takes its cue from the highs in the prices for 22 days and for 55 days. There are two parts to the trading rules. In system 1, the trader assumes a long position on a market whenever the price goes beyond the high for the preceding 20 days. Conversely, t he trader takes a short position whenever the price goes down below the low for the past 20 days. In the case of the last breakout resulting in a trade that is a win, the breakout signals are ignored. That said, the trader would record an entry on day 55, in order not to miss out on major moves in the markets. The exit for system 1 is when the price is a low for 10 days when the position is long, and the high for 10 days when the position is short. In system 2, the benchmark is 55 days, taking a buy position when the market price goes up beyond the high for the past 55 days, and a sell position when the market price goes below the low for the past 55 days. The exit signal for this system 2 mode is when the price is the low for the past 20 days for the long position, and the high for the past 20 days for the short position (Stockopedia 2013; Business Insider 2013; Kowalski 2013; Kasera n.d.; Au.Tra.Sy 2010; Carr 2009). An example makes the trading rules for the turtle trading system clear. In an instance where the price of a stock, say Nokia, goes up to a level that exceeds a hypothetical 20-day range of 3.40 US dollars on the high side, then that is a signal to buy. When the time comes, on the other hand, that the stock price dips below the low for a ten-day period, then that is the time to sell the Nokia stock. It is easy to see